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The baby's body bones are not well-developed and are soft when he or she is 3 months old. This is the first critical period in the development of an infant's spine. Some incorrect holding positions, such as allowing the baby to stand, sit, or hold vertically, can harm the baby's spine. At this stage, the baby should only be held lying down; if you must hold it, do so horizontally and use your arms carefully to protect the baby's neck, back, and waist. At 6 months old, the baby's spine is already well-developed, ushering in the second critical period of spinal development. Although the baby can already sit independently, the time should be controlled, and parents should respect the child's rhythm by not forcing correcting the sitting posture or allowing the baby to sit for too long, which can lead to thoracic lordosis and, in severe cases, hunchback, which will greatly reduce the child's image once formed. At around one year of age, infants enter the learning-to-walk stage, which is the third critical period of spinal development in children. This does not imply that the spine is fully formed. By the age of six or seven, the spine should be fully formed. At this age, do not force your child to learn to walk, and do not use a baby walker, which can cause leg deformities such as X-shaped legs, O-shaped legs, and so on. In everyday life, there are imperceptible behaviors that can lead to scoliosis in infants. Please stay away from the following. 1. Always change baby diapers/pants in the proper position. Baby Pants: Open the baby pants with both hands to cover the baby's calves, and then pull upward, along the root of the thighs, to straighten out both sides of the leak-proof partition edge. Baby Diapers: Lie your baby on his or her side and unfold the diaper so that the absorbent layer is facing up. Hold the baby's waist and slowly turn him/her to lie flat. Pull the front piece of the diaper over the baby's abdomen, stick the Magic Tape to the top surface of the diaper, and then adjust the diaper to fit the baby's body. 2. The proper pillow selection should not be too high. 3. Select the appropriate mattress softness; the baby's spine is still developing, so a better support mattress is required. 4. The use of a baby sitting chair to help babies learn to sit is also important for spine health.

The protein molecular structure of milk powder is larger than breast milk, forming milk clots that are not well absorbed, high calcium formula is difficult to absorb completely due to calcium, calcium soap is easily formed, natural digestive enzymes and oligosaccharides are not as good as breast milk, which are all reasons why formula-fed babies are more likely to be constipated than breast milk. When choosing a formula, you can choose a formula that is rich in probiotics, oligofructose, oligogalactose and other nutrients that can prevent constipation. The causes of constipation in babies are also diverse, how to prevent and improve? 1. Incorrect way of brewing milk powder: too thick or too thin can cause constipation, just refer to the instructions for brewing. 2. Irrational diet structure: babies who should add complementary foods have insufficient dietary fiber intake and overly refined diet. 3. Insufficient water intake: after 6 months, baby should drink 300-500ml of water per day, and after a year, baby can drink 800-1000ml per day. 4. Insufficient exercise: intestinal peristalsis slows down and stools are not pushed out enough, leading to constipation. 5. Mental factors: children often cry, being often used to scare and intimidate the way to coax the baby, are easy to cause constipation. 6. Insufficient fat intake: Some parents are afraid that their babies have indigestion and do not give them food with oil. In fact the lack of fat can also lead to constipation, the baby can eat supplementary food, do not always eat white-water vegetables, vegetables can add some vegetable oil.

        The baby is drinking powdered milk. Diarrhea does not preclude the cause of milk powder, but it is also not always the cause of milk powder; parents must determine the cause of the baby's diarrhea in order to treat the symptoms. Here we look at the causes of diarrhea in babies who drink milk powder.         1. The bottle is filthy         Because the baby's intestinal function and resistance are still developing, it is easy to cause diarrhea in the baby's intestinal tract infection if the bottle cleaning and disinfection work is not done. As a result, the baby's bottle must be cleaned and disinfected promptly after use.         2. The temperature of the brewing milk powder water is incorrect         Because different brands of milk powder require different brewing temperatures due to different manufacturing processes, parents must brew according to the temperature specified in the milk powder instructions. The water temperature is too high to denature the protein content in the milk powder, while it is too low to contain bacteria, affecting the baby's intestinal health.         3. The milk powder concentration is incorrect         Different brands of milk powder have different requirements, just like water temperature, and parents should follow the proportions indicated on the package to brew. If the milk is too thick or too thin, it will upset the baby's stomach and cause diarrhea. As a result, parents cannot simply do whatever they want with the formula.         4. Allergy to milk protein         Because the baby's immune system is still developing, a milk protein allergy may develop after the addition of formula milk.         5. Intolerance to lactose         If the baby's body lactase is insufficient, the lactose in the formula intake will not be fully decomposed in the small intestine, and this lactose will enter the large intestine via colonic flora fermentation, resulting in a lot of acid and gas, and the baby will experience symptoms such as abdominal distension and diarrhea.         If your baby is determined to be lactose intolerant or allergic to milk protein, it is necessary to switch to hydrolyzed milk powder or lactose-free milk powder, so parents should make a good identification and not change milk powder for their baby blindly.

1. Genetic influences Clinical evidence shows that babies born to allergic parents have significantly higher allergy rates than other babies. How do you know if your baby is likely to be born with allergies? Family Allergy Score (FAS) and Total Immunoglobulin E (U C-IgE) of newborn cord blood are two measures developed by modern medicine. Both of them can successfully predict up to 80% of babies' allergy rates, allowing parents to implement early allergy prevention for babies at high risk. 2. Body growth Allergens can easily enter the bloodstream through the intestine and cause allergic reactions in babies at a young age due to the immune system's incomplete development and the immaturity of the intestinal barrier. This situation will gradually improve as the baby grows older and his or her immune system develops. 3. Mode of delivery The mother's delivery method also has some allergenic effects on the child. Babies born via normal delivery have a much lower allergy rate than babies born via cesarean section. This is because babies born via cesarean section receive some "Beneficial" flora via the mother's birth canal. It has been clinically shown that the rate of allergy will increase by 23% in cesareans with no family history of allergies and by three times in cesareans with a family history of allergies! 4. Living Conditions As modern urban living spaces become increasingly narrow and confined, airflow in the room suffers, making allergen breeding more likely. Some families who keep pet dogs and cats fail to clean up the dander on time, which can cause allergies in babies. Furthermore, dust accumulation on furniture and home furnishings, as well as mites on bedding and plush toys, can cause allergies in babies. 5. Method of feeding Some babies are allergic to milk proteins and lactose, making breastfeeding or regular formula feeding impossible. If the parents are unaware of this and continue to feed the baby unsuitable foods, the baby will develop an allergy or worsen an existing allergy. 

1. Taking in too much air while drinking milk For example, a baby with poor breastfeeding (not holding most of the mother's areola). Or a bottle-fed baby using a pacifier with a hole that is too large. Or improper tilting of the bottle can lead to air in the pacifier, thus causing the baby to swallow too much air. 2. Eating a lot of gas-producing foods Gas can be produced by any food that is digested and fermented in the intestine. If a nursing mother or baby consumes foods that produce more gas, such as cabbage, onions, broccoli, and some starchy foods (potatoes, noodles, etc.), milk and milk products, high-fiber foods (fruits, vegetables, etc.), soft drinks, carbonated beverages, and so on, they are more likely to experience flatulence. 3. Poor nutrient digestion and absorption If your baby has poor digestion and absorption of certain nutrients, such as fat, carbohydrates (typically lactose), protein, or other nutrients, the "ingredients" that are not digested and absorbed will be degraded and fermented by bacteria in the colon, resulting in the production of various gases and flatulence. 4. Less gas discharge Gas discharge can be hampered by intestinal issues such as constipation and intestinal obstruction. 5. External air pressure variation Air pressure fluctuates throughout the day, and these fluctuations can cause "intestinal flatulence" in babies. When the air pressure outside the baby's intestines is lower than the air pressure inside, the gas in the intestines "expands," resulting in flatulence. 6. Other uncommon causes Flatulence in babies can also be caused by infectious enteritis, irritable bowel syndrome (rare in infants), small intestine bacterial overgrowth, short bowel syndrome (usually surgically removed), and other conditions.

Lactose intolerance is classified into three types: primary, congenital, and secondary, with primary being the most common. Primary: The immature intestinal mucosa of newborns, particularly premature babies, and low lactase activity, resulting in poor lactose digestion and absorption. Congenital: It is the result of autosomal invisible inheritance. These babies are relatively uncommon because they are born with low lactase levels and will have no future dietary exposure to lactose. Secondary: It is more common in newborns and is caused primarily by an intestinal injury that results in lactase deficiency, such as infectious diarrhea. Lactase activity rises as the disease improves. What should I do if my baby suffers from lactose intolerance? If your baby is lactose intolerant at birth, it is best to start with the maltodextrin-based lactose-free formula for babies and gradually transition to milk at around 1 month, starting with 1 scoop or 0.5 scoops to avoid further damage to the baby's gut from excessive lactose consumption. (Note: one scoop is about 4.5g for 30ml of water with one scoop of milk powder)If the baby is suffering from lactose intolerance caused by infectious viruses, it is recommended that the baby's mother use lactose-free special medical formula while actively treating the baby's disease, consider transferring the milk after 2 weeks, and continue to monitor the baby's symptoms to adjust the transfer progress.During infancy and early childhood, babies with congenital lactose intolerance who cannot consume breast milk or any food containing lactose can only consume lactose-free special medical formula.

Because the baby's body resistance is weak at this age, the baby bath requires more patience from parents, and the following points should be noted. Time to suit: Give your baby a bath between 12:00-15:00, when it is the warmest of the day. Winter baths for babies should be brief, with the child soaking in the water for no more than 10-15 minutes. Because of the excessive soaking time, the skin is prone to dehydration, which aggravates dry skin. Water temperature requirements: The temperature of the baby bath water should be between 37 and 40 degrees Celsius. To measure the temperature more accurately, fill the bath with cold water first, then with hot water. Wash the baby's head and body separately: when washing hair, pay attention to the baby's body warmth, can first not take off underwear, or wrap the body with a large towel, after washing the head the baby wrapped in a towel and then wash the body, so the baby does not get cold easily. After washing, quickly wrap the baby's entire body in a large bath towel to absorb moisture. If possible, place the towel on an electric heater to warm it up so the baby feels safer and more comfortable, and then assist the baby in putting on warm clothes baked ahead of time to avoid getting cold.

When it comes to Christmas, everyone's mind must go to the image of Santa Claus riding a sleigh in a red coat, delivering presents to every little child to the sound of Christmas bells. "It's not like Christmas," northern hemisphere visitors say when they visit Australia in December. In fact, unlike in the northern hemisphere, Christmas is celebrated in the winter. Australia has its own unique Christmas customs at the start of summer. Sing along with carols by candlelight Carols by Candlelight is a popular Australian tradition. Most Australian cities, schools, and communities hold candlelight carol services, with local orchestras and choirs assisting in the performance of carols. Well-known Australian singers will occasionally perform and sing carols, which are broadcast nationally on television. People of all ages congregate in the parks because of the upbeat atmosphere. People sway and sing along to the rhythm of the singers and instruments while sitting on picnic mats with food and candles in their hands. The show's proceeds are usually donated to charity. The Adelaide Christmas Parade should not be missed The nearly 100-year-old Adelaide Christmas parade, which began in 1933 and is one of the world's largest parades, marking the arrival of Christmas and welcoming Santa Claus to Australia. A crowd of people will gather on both sides of the road to greet the various themed performances and comical street performers, sending the city into a Christmas frenzy. We imagine Santa entering the room from the balcony When Santa arrives in his sleigh and sees green grass and hot temperatures, it must be a nightmare for him. When he tried to enter the room through the chimney and discovered that no one in their house had a chimney, he must have become frantic. As a result, we prefer that Santa Claus enter the room from the balcony to deliver presents. Santa will be served beer in Australia Santa will not find Christmas pudding, cookies, or roast turkey when he finally enters a room without a chimney. He'll find a seafood barbecue and cold beer from Australia, non-alcoholic of course, because he needs to get to the next house to deliver Christmas presents. Don't be surprised yet, although it may seem strange, this is something that Australians will do. Reindeer are treated well in Australia When Santa arrives in Australia, he changes into less hot clothes and sometimes rests the reindeer before continuing his journey with the assistance of a kangaroo. Children also leave carrots for Santa's reindeer, cake for Santa, and small cookies in Christmas stockings to thank Santa for coming to deliver gifts.

21. Boogers         You can soften the boogers and eliminate them by applying a warm towel to the nostrils. Consider rhinitis and seek medical advice if your baby has a lot of boogers every day and other symptoms. 22. Bathing         Bathing a newborn baby should keep the bathroom temperature stable in order to keep the baby from getting a cold. Use a baby bathing wash and shampoo to help clean, keep the water temperature at 37-40 degrees, clean the baby's skin folds, dry the body quickly after washing, and keep the baby stay warm. 23. Baldness on Pillows         Pillow baldness in babies is a common occurrence that usually improves gradually around the age of one, so don't be too concerned. When the head rubs against the pillow, a portion of the hair is easily rubbed off. Furthermore, if the pillow is too firm, it will cause pillow baldness, so choose a pillow that is appropriate for your baby. 24. Poop in Green         Green poop is normal for newborns in general.         There are several reasons for this, including:         First, formula-fed babies may experience indigestion and should take probiotics.         Second, if the baby isn't getting enough milk, increase the amount fed.         Third, pay attention to the abdomen to stay warm. Cold also causes more frequent poops.         Fourth, consider whether it is the result of a recent food change in which the baby ate vegetables or other foods that cause intestinal discomfort. 25. Teething         Teething usually begins around the age of six months.         However, occurs at different times for different babies. Some babies are born with two teeth, while others grow them later. Teething is considered normal if it occurs before the age of one. 26. Mosquito bites         A newborn baby's skin is extremely delicate, making it a favourite of mosquitoes and insects.         Apply ointment or baby mosquito repellent, or wash the bites with soap and water, to relieve itching and swelling. Avoid scratching the skin, which can lead to cross-infection. 27. Rash on the nose's tip         Newborns have small, pinhead-shaped, yellowish-white granules called milium on their foreheads, cheeks, and nasal tips a few days after birth. To avoid infection, don't picking at it. The milium usually disappears on its own after a few weeks.

When it comes to Christmas, everyone's mind must go to the image of Santa Claus riding a sleigh in a red sweater, delivering presents to every little child to the sound of Christmas bells. "It's not like Christmas," northern hemisphere visitors say when they visit Australia in December. In fact, unlike in the northern hemisphere, Christmas is celebrated in the winter. Australia has its own unique Christmas customs at the start of summer. It's really hot Because Australia is in the southern hemisphere, which has the opposite seasons as the northern, the arrival of Christmas also means the arrival of summer. In Australia, the image of Santa Claus in a sleigh on a snowy day does not exist, and this is the time when Santa Claus can be seen in various vehicles such as motorcycles and cars. Traditionally, Santa Claus wears a red sweater to keep warm, but in Australia, where Christmas is in the summer, Santa Claus is more likely to be seen with a surfboard and shorts. However, snow remains one of our Christmas elements With the arrival of Christmas, shopping malls begin to offer discounts, and snow elements will decorate the entire mall as if it were a winter wonderland. We also sing snow carols that mention winter, snowmen, and snowflakes. We will attend a beach party Every year, a large number of people flock to Bondi Beach to celebrate Christmas by playing on the sand, donning Santa hats, and spending the day surfing. Christmas trees are also placed along the beach to create the atmosphere of a summer beach Christmas. Will also barbecue with family While the northern hemisphere is eating roast turkey and baked potatoes for Christmas, we are preparing outdoor barbecues and anticipating a prawn run. Seafood platters are a popular Christmas treat in Australia. People go to the local market to get the freshest prawns, then spend time relaxing around the grill with their families. Take a road trip with the sea Christmas is also a time for family reunions. Depending on the distance, Australians frequently go on a Christmas road trip as a family, bringing snacks and drinks prepared ahead of time, leaning back on soft pillows, and then spending time relaxing with the kids on the road while admiring the beautiful scenery.

Christmas, which is celebrated on December 25, is a Christian holiday that commemorates the birth of Jesus. Outside the church, Christmas has been transformed into a folkloric holiday and is often referred to as the "Christmas and New Year's season" together with the similarly dated New Year's Day. The custom of celebrating Christmas has spread worldwide with the influence of modern Western countries. This non-religious folklore event, which does not require the acceptance of Western culture, is free to participate in, and incorporates the special customs of each country, forming several familiar Christmas symbols such as Christmas trees, Christmas hats, Santa Claus, Christmas gifts, etc., and has become one of the major festivals at the end of the year. Let's take a look at the Christmas customs of these 10 countries. 1. The United States On Christmas Eve, there is an interesting American tradition where the church choir will come to the door of the congregation's house and sing Christmas carols in unison, and the family will go out to greet them warmly and sing together. Afterward, the hosts invite everyone in for a rest and refreshments. The host will then leave with the choir and go to the next house to sing carols, and the procession will grow larger and larger. 2. Canada Canadian children can enjoy a variety of Christmas-themed floats and bands in the Christmas parade from late November to December, as well as the Winter Festival of Lights starting in November, which features not only a light show but also a variety of fireworks displays. Don't miss one of the most popular Christmas activities, sleigh rides, a Christmas memory for Canadian children from childhood to adulthood. After all the fun and games, a piece of butter tarts, a Canadian favorite Christmas treat, will instantly dissipate any tiredness. 3. The UK British Christmas is very food-oriented and various Christmas specialties including roast pork, turkey, Christmas pudding and Christmas mince pies are on the British table. Mince pies are one of the indispensable desserts during Christmas, originally filled with meat and in the shape of an oval, which can be eaten either hot or cold. 4. France The French, known for their romance, pay much attention to the Christmas atmosphere. Flowers, candles, silver forks, and crystal glasses are essential for the Christmas table. In addition to the Christmas tree, a model of a manger (It is said that Jesus was born in a manger.) is also prepared for Christmas. In addition, French families cut the trunk of a fruit tree, a symbol of fruitfulness, and light it as firewood on Christmas night to pray for a good harvest in the coming year, convinced that the longer the stake burns, the more good luck it will have in the coming year. 5. Sweden Christmas is not complete for Swedish families without crumpets, which are traditionally made with cinnamon, eggs, milk, and butter. Additionally, the Christmas elf "Tomte", a character from Nordic folklore with a long white beard and conical or knitted hat, is a common sight at Christmas in Sweden. Tomte is almost identical to Santa Claus except for his shorter height. In Sweden, the Gävle goat is the symbol of Christmas. A tall, straw-made goat that is erected in the same spot every year, its presence heralds the start of the Christmas season. 6. Philippines Christmas lights are indispensable, but if you ask which country's lights are more stunning, then of course you have to mention the Christmas lights in the Philippines. Every year, San Fernando in the Philippines hosts the "Ligligan Parul", a dazzling display of lanterns symbolizing the Star of Bethlehem, with each parol consisting of thousands of rotating lights that light up the night sky, making San Fernando the "Christmas capital of the Philippines." 7. Japan The Christmas atmosphere is strong in Japan as well, but unlike other countries, instead of sitting around the table with family and sharing turkey, Japanese people prefer to go to KFC for fried chicken. This started with a marketing campaign in 1974 when Christmas was not very popular and the turkey was hard to find locally. KFC's advertisement took this opportunity to shape the idea that authentic Christmas food could only be eaten at KFC, which attracted many Japanese people to line up and gradually became one of the Christmas foods for Japanese people. 8. China Unlike the turkey and Christmas pudding that are part of the Christmas dinner in the West, the Chinese have more Chinese food on their Christmas table. At this time of the year, major shopping malls are decorated with Christmas elements, and various Christmas trees and lights decorate the streets at night. "Peaceful apple" is also one of the characteristics of Chinese Christmas, because the pronunciation of apple is similar to the pronunciation of peace, people send each other "peaceful apple" to express their wishes for "peace and safety" to their friends and family. 9. Chile The Chilean people have a cold drink called "Cola de Mono" for Christmas. In Chileans, Cola de Mono means monkey's tail and is a cold drink similar to eggnog. It is made from coffee, milk, eggs, wine, and fermented grapes. No one knows why it is called "monkey's tail." 10. Australia Unlike the northern hemisphere where people spend Christmas in winter, Australia in the southern hemisphere celebrates Christmas in summer. Just in time for the summer holidays, Australians usually take a family travel or beach vacation to beat the heat. A turkey dinner or a beer and seafood barbecue with the family is one of the Christmas celebrations, as well as Pavlova and Christmas plum pudding, Australia's must-try Christmas desserts. And don't miss the close encounters with native animals like koalas and kangaroos to celebrate Christmas.

14. Nasal congestion         The baby's immune function is not sound, the resistance is poor, plus the nose and nasal cavity is relatively short, the nasal cavity nasal hair is sparse, the mucous membrane in the nasal cavity is tender, easily caused by respiratory tract infection nasal congestion.         When the nasal mucosa is congested and swollen due to cold and other conditions, a warm wet towel can be applied to the root of the nose. You can also carefully remove nasal water and mucus. In case of severe nasal congestion, please consult a doctor promptly. 15. Sneezing         Occasional sneezing does not matter, it may be caused by nasal forehead in the nasal cavity or the stimulation of odor in the environment. If your baby sneeze frequently with runny nose, fever and other uncomfortable symptoms, consider a cold and flu and seek medical treatment promptly. 16. Hiccups         When your baby has hiccups, it is important to keep him warm. You can flick your baby on the bottom of the foot a few times to make him cry out, or you can give him a sip of hot milk. Adults form a hollow hand and pat the baby's back from bottom to top to prevent hiccups. 17. Sleep         If your baby is sleeping restlessly, you don't need to hold him/her right away, you can observe him/her for a few minutes, and if he/she continues to cry, you need to soothe him/her. If the crying is very serious, you need to consider whether the baby is not feeling well, find the cause, and determine whether to go to the hospital. 18. Constipation         Newborns generally turn to normal baby stools 3-4 days after birth. Formula fed babies are more prone to constipation, consider indigestion, change the brand and increase the amount of water fed at the same time. If a breastfed baby is constipated, consider not having enough milk, increase breastfeeding, and let the baby eat enough. 19. Head scales         Seborrheic dermatitis is common as the skin will turn slightly red, stick with small oily flakes or thick yellow scales, forming a layer of scabs that will not itch.         Do not use your hands to snap, use baby wash products to soften the head scale, wash the skin with water, apply moisturizer to moisturize the skin, and it will fall off on its own after a period of time. 20. Eye discharge         The formation of eye discharge is due to the presence of cells and glands in the conjunctival sac of the eye, which secrete oil all the time and mix with dirt to form eye discharge. You can use a small towel dipped in water to gently wipe the eyelashes, as well as the inner and outer canthus of the eye. If your baby have a thick, yellowish eye discharge, consider a bacterial infection and consult the doctor on how to fix it.

7. Fever         Babies with fever need to seek help from doctors in time. Once the baby's body temp exceeds the normal level, you can first physically cool down (warm water or ice pack on the forehead, or wipe the body with warm water, also can use antipyretic paste) keep the room ventilated and breathable, monitor the body temperature in real time; if the body temperature is above 38.5C and the spirit is poor, seek medical attention in time. 8. Heat rash         Heat rash is due to the lack of timely ventilation and perspiration of the skin. Usually keep the skin clean and dry, especially at the skin folds. Wear cotton small T breathable fabrics, avoid wool, nylon and other irritating fabrics. 9. Allergies         Allergies occur in newborns in different parts of the body and systems, and can have different clinical manifestations. For example: the first, respiratory allergy; the second skin allergy; the third, digestive tract allergy. No matter which is the case case, it is recommended to seek medical attention in time to avoid delaying the condition. 10. Colic         Common phenomena include: baby crying in the middle of the night, frequent feeding but still not enough, stirring and spitting up easily when feeding, abdominal swelling and tightness, red face and white around the mouth when crying, unsettled even after falling asleep, grunting and crying.         Parents should pat the baby in time after feeding, 3-4 times a day, airplane hug/belly hug, lightly shake the baby's body when the baby is awake, or let the baby lie flat on the bed and lift the baby's legs in the air to imitate the action of pedaling a bicycle. 11. Flatulence         Your baby eats milk frequently, has a rumbling and farting tummy, farts with feces, presses on the tummy with an obvious feeling of distension, sleeps less, is restless and cries easily.         Pay attention to the baby's pacifier or nipple to avoid too much air from entering, pat the baby's tummy in time after feeding, massage the baby's tummy clockwise, push down the curve of the tummy, let the baby lie on its back or lie down with its knees bent to press the tummy, but don't do it just after feeding. 12. Red butts         Changing the diapers diligently, not cleaning up after the baby's poop, and not having soft and breathable diapers may cause your baby's red butts. After cleaning your baby's butt, dry it in time before wearing diapers, change diapers regularly, keep your baby's butt clean and fresh, apply buttock cream, and change soft, breathable, lightweight and hypoallergenic diapers. 13. Leg striation         Newborns with asymmetrical leg striation need to be highly alert to the possibility of congenital dislocation and subluxation of the skeletal joint and seek medical attention promptly. Avoid strenuous movement of the baby's lower limbs, avoid excessive abduction and internal rotation, and strengthen local massage and touch.

1. Spitting up         It is normal for newborns to spit up. Do not pick up the baby immediately to prevent choking, let the baby lie on his side to clean up the residual milk in the nose and mouth, and burp after each feeding to avoid spitting up. 2. Umbilical cord         After the birth of a newborn, the umbilical cord usually falls off on its own after 3-7 days, forming an inwardly depressed belly button. Before shedding, pay attention to keep the umbilicus clean and dry, do not touch the water when bathing, and pay attention to cleaning and disinfection after bathing. If the umbilicus is not properly cared for, the umbilicus will become infected with bacteria and purulent secretions and umbilicitis will occur, and medical attention should be sought immediately. 3. Jaundice         This includes physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice.         Physiological jaundice usually subsides on its own one week to ten days after birth. Parents can let their babies get more sunlight; pathological jaundice can be characterized by a yellowish tinge on the limbs that progresses rapidly and does not subside, or reappears after receding slightly, with symptoms such as drowsiness, refusal to eat milk, irritability, and even convulsions, which require prompt medical attention. 4. Eczema         Eczema is flaky and recurrent, with redness, blisters, scabs, and itching. When eczema first develops, you can apply a thick cream to your baby to relieve it. 5. Umbilical Hernia         An umbilical hernia creates a soft swelling or bulge near the navel. When the abdominal pressure increases, such as crying and coughing, the umbilical bulge increases in size and shrinks or disappears when sleeping quietly. Most of them can heal on their own as they grow older, but a few need to be treated according to medical advice. 6. Diarrhea         First: Indigestion, you can feed your baby some probiotics to regulate the intestinal tract;         Second: Viral infection, seek medical attention;         Third: Catch a cold, pay attention to keep warm, feed some warm water;         Fourth: Inappropriate addition of complementary food, find out the reason, feeding with single food material;         Fifth: lactose intolerance, add some lactose-free milk powder to improve.

       The baby can sleep on the pillow, but only if the baby is more than three months old.        Because the baby's head, neck and shoulder back are at the same level within three months, there is no need to pillow. So let the baby sleep on a flat bed without pillow, which is the most comfortable state. Premature use of pillows for your baby will change your baby's sleeping habits, affect the development of the spine, and easily lead to hunchback. And because the baby is too small to flexibly control the body, it is easy to be covered by the pillow when sleeping, and it is easy to suffer from hypoxia, even suffocation. Three months later, the physiological curvature of the baby's spine gradually forms. At this time, giving the baby a pillow helps to improve the comfort.         At the same time, when the baby sleeps, it helps to keep the respiratory tract smooth and improve the sleep quality. The pillow also helps the baby sleep head shape, prevents head deviation, and is beneficial to the baby's growth and development.

        Green hand parents will find a strange phenomenon after the birth of a baby -- the baby's little hands are always clenched tightly, which forms a small fist. Should parents open the baby's little fist? Generally speaking, newborns within a month spend most of their time with their hands clenched into fists and cannot stretch. But when the baby is two or three months old, parents can gently open the baby's tiny hand. According to scientific findings and the experience of some childcare experts, you can gently open your baby's clenched fist as long as everything is normal, but be sure to do it gently. What are the benefits of opening the baby's fist?         1. Promote the development of the nervous system         The baby can try to grasp various objects when the fingers are separated, which enables the baby to actively learn and engage in various movements, and also facilitates the development of perception and concrete thinking skills.         2. Exercise the baby's hand control ability         The process of opening your little baby's hands can exercise his ability to control his small hands and lay the foundation for various movements such as holding toys in the future. As body movements continue to improve, babies can use their hands to do more interesting things. It will effectively help the baby to establish the concept of interaction between themselves and the environment, which will help the baby to learn, work and live in the future. How to exercise to open the baby's fist?         1. We can put our fingers into the palm of the baby when bathing baby, and the baby will immediately hold the parent's finger with his chubby little hand, and then we can gently wash it while turning it in the baby's little hand.         2. Parents can also gently rub the baby's little hand from the thumb to the little finger when the baby is in good spirits, which can stimulate the development of tactile nerves.